The Battle of Waterloo, fought on June 18, 1815, near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, marked the final defeat of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, ending the Napoleonic Wars and leading to his second abdication.
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) was a French military leader and emperor who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns across Europe. He established the Napoleonic Code, reformed administrative structures, and significantly influenced European politics and law.