Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age urban culture that flourished across northwestern South Asia, notable for its planned cities, standardized weights, and undeciphered script. Centered in the basins of the Indus and Ghaggar–Hakra rivers, its Mature phase dates to roughly 2600–1900 BCE, with antecedents extending earlier and regional continuities later. Major sites include Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal.
