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Proxy server
A proxy server is an intermediary that receives client requests and forwards them to other servers, often adding functions such as access control, caching, or protocol translation. Proxies are used for performance, security, policy enforcement, privacy, and architectural isolation across networks and applications.
Anschluss
Anschluss refers to the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in March 1938. Executed through military pressure, a coerced change of government, and a retroactive plebiscite, it violated interwar treaties and initiated rapid Nazification and persecution within Austria.
Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide (SiO2), also called silica, is an inorganic compound composed of silicon and oxygen that occurs widely in nature, most notably as the mineral quartz and as the principal constituent of sand. It underpins major industries including glassmaking, construction, microelectronics, and optics, and exists in both crystalline polymorphs and amorphous forms such as fused silica.
Cancer
Cancer is a broad group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and encompasses more than 100 distinct malignancies that differ by tissue of origin, molecular alterations, clinical behavior, and response to therapy. Prevention, early detection, accurate diagnosis and staging, and advances in surgery, radiotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapies shape contemporary control strategies.
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized the use and celebration of reason, scientific inquiry, skepticism of authority, and visions of political and social reform. Originating in dialogue with the Scientific Revolution and spreading through print culture, salons, academies, and a transnational 'Republic of Letters,' it influenced revolutions, constitutionalism, religious toleration, economics, and modern conceptions of rights.
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual and cultural movement that took shape in Europe from the late 17th to the late 18th century, emphasizing reason, empirical inquiry, individual rights, and secular governance [Encyclopaedia Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/event/Enlightenment-European-history). Its ideas drew on the [Scientific Revolution] and influenced political change including the American and French Revolutions, while also provoking religious debates about deism and tolerance [Encyclopaedia Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Europe/The-Enlightenment) and [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/enlightenment/). The term “Enlightenment” is also used in religious contexts to denote spiritual awakening, notably bodhi in Buddhism and moksha in Indian traditions [Encyclopaedia Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/topic/bodhi-Buddhism) and [Encyclopaedia Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/topic/moksha-Indian-religion).
St. Peter’s Basilica
St. Peter’s Basilica is the principal papal basilica in Vatican City, begun in 1506 under Pope Julius II and consecrated in 1626. Designed and completed by successive masters of the Renaissance and Baroque—including Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini—it stands over the site traditionally venerated as the tomb of the Apostle Peter and forms the focal complex of St. Peter’s Square.
Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench is the deepest known oceanic trench on Earth, located in the western Pacific Ocean east of the Mariana Islands. Its maximum measured depths in the Challenger Deep are around 10,924–10,935 meters below sea level, and the trench extends for more than 2,500 kilometers in length. It formed where the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the Philippine Sea Plate and includes diverse geological features, unique hadal ecosystems, and areas protected within the U.S. Mariana Trench Marine National Monument.
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