Oncology
Afferent lymphatic vessels
Afferent lymphatic vessels are lymphatic channels that convey lymph, soluble antigens, and migrating immune cells toward lymph nodes, entering along the convex capsule and draining into the subcapsular sinus. They are typically multiple for each node and contain valves that promote unidirectional flow as lymph proceeds through nodal sinuses for filtration and immune surveillance.
Cancer
Cancer is a broad group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and encompasses more than 100 distinct malignancies that differ by tissue of origin, molecular alterations, clinical behavior, and response to therapy. Prevention, early detection, accurate diagnosis and staging, and advances in surgery, radiotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapies shape contemporary control strategies.