
Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational holding company formed in 2015 as the parent of Google and a portfolio of other businesses. Headquartered in Mountain View, California, it operates through Google Services, Google Cloud, and Other Bets, and uses a dual‑class share structure. Sundar Pichai has served as CEO since December 2019.

IBM, or International Business Machines Corporation, is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, known for its contributions to computer hardware, software, and services.

Meta Platforms, Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Menlo Park, California, that owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, Threads, and other services. Rebranded from Facebook, Inc. in 2021, Meta reports results across two segments—Family of Apps and Reality Labs—while investing heavily in artificial intelligence and immersive computing, including Llama models, Ray‑Ban Meta smart glasses, and Quest headsets.