
Aircraft design is the engineering discipline and industrial process of conceiving, sizing, analyzing, certifying, and producing flying vehicles to meet specified mission, performance, safety, environmental, and economic requirements. It integrates aerodynamics, structures and materials, propulsion, stability and control, systems engineering, and certification within a staged process—conceptual, preliminary, and detailed design—supported by testing and simulation.

Doppler radar is a specialized radar system that uses the Doppler effect to measure the velocity of objects in addition to their position and distance. Widely employed in meteorology, aviation, and law enforcement, it can detect the speed and direction of moving targets such as precipitation, aircraft, and vehicles by analyzing frequency shifts in reflected radio waves.