European History
Europe
Europe is a continent forming the western peninsula of Eurasia, bounded by the Arctic and Atlantic oceans and—by convention—the Ural Mountains, the northern Caspian shore via the Emba (Zhem) River/Mughalzhar Hills, and the Kuma–Manych Depression toward the Black and Mediterranean seas. Occupying roughly 10 million km², it is home to about 744 million people in 2025, features dense linguistic and cultural diversity, and encompasses influential political and economic organizations such as the European Union and NATO.
Renaissance
The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political, and economic rebirth following the Middle Ages. Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art, leading to profound changes in intellectual inquiry, artistic techniques, and global exploration.
World War I
World War I (1914–1918) was a global conflict pitting the Allied Powers against the Central Powers across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the world’s oceans. Triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, it ushered in industrialized mass warfare, caused tens of millions of casualties, and led to the collapse of several empires and the remaking of the international order.
World War I
World War I, also known as the Great War, was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918, involving major world powers and resulting in significant political and social changes.