Geophysics
Aurora Borealis
The Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights, is a natural light display predominantly seen in high-latitude regions around the Arctic. This phenomenon results from the interaction between charged particles from the sun and Earth's magnetic field, leading to vibrant, dynamic patterns in the night sky.
Climate Change
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns. Since the mid-20th century, human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, have become the dominant cause of observed warming. The scientific consensus confirms that these changes are leading to widespread and often severe impacts on ecosystems, human societies, and the global economy.
Geomagnetism
Geomagnetism is the branch of geophysics that investigates Earth’s magnetic field, its origins in the planet’s core, its spatial structure, and its variations over timescales from seconds to millions of years. The discipline spans internal field generation by the geodynamo, crustal magnetization, and external sources in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, with applications in navigation, resource exploration, and space-weather hazard mitigation.
Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics is a scientific theory explaining the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates over the asthenosphere, leading to the formation of continents, mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes.