Immunology
Bone marrow transplant
A bone marrow transplant—more precisely, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation—is a medical procedure that replaces or rescues blood‑forming stem cells to reconstitute hematopoiesis and immunity. It is used to treat malignant and non‑malignant disorders, including leukemias, lymphomas, myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anemia, thalassemia, and sickle cell disease. Modern practice encompasses autologous, allogeneic, and syngeneic approaches with grafts sourced from peripheral blood, marrow, or umbilical cord blood, with outcomes continually improving through advances in conditioning, donor selection, and graft‑versus‑host disease prophylaxis.
Leukocyte
A leukocyte, also known as a white blood cell (WBC), is a cell of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including in the blood and lymphatic system. All leukocytes are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells.
Lymph Node
A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a small, bean-shaped organ of the immune system and lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are widely distributed throughout the body and are linked by lymphatic vessels, where they function as filters for foreign particles and are key sites for the initiation of adaptive immune responses. They house various immune cells, including lymphocytes such as B cells and T cells, as well as macrophages and dendritic cells.
Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that is a fundamental part of the vertebrate immune system. As the main cell type found in lymph, they are crucial to the adaptive immune system and include T cells and B cells, as well as natural killer cells of the innate immune system. These cells work together to identify and destroy pathogens, infected cells, and cancerous cells.
White blood cell
White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system.