
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space-based observatory launched in December 2021, designed to conduct infrared astronomy and explore the universe's earliest epochs, galaxy formation, star development, and exoplanet atmospheres.

The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is a NASA flagship infrared observatory designed to investigate dark energy, conduct wide-field astrophysical surveys, and advance exoplanet science. Managed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center with major roles for the Space Telescope Science Institute, JPL, and Caltech/IPAC, Roman is planned to launch no later than May 2027 to a Sun–Earth L2 orbit and will carry the Wide Field Instrument and a technology‑demonstration Coronagraph Instrument.