Italian History
Etruscans
The Etruscans were an ancient Italic people whose urban civilization flourished in central Italy from roughly the 9th to the 1st century BCE. Speaking a non-Indo-European language and organized in autonomous city-states, they developed distinctive art, religion, and political institutions that strongly influenced neighboring Rome. Their culture was progressively absorbed into the Roman Republic by the late first millennium BCE, yet remains visible in monuments, religious practice, and symbols adopted by Romans.
Renaissance
The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political, and economic rebirth following the Middle Ages. Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art, leading to profound changes in intellectual inquiry, artistic techniques, and global exploration.