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    Mobile Operating Systems

    iOS

    iOS

    iOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. for the iPhone, initially released in 2007 as iPhone OS and renamed iOS in 2010. Built on the Darwin (XNU) kernel with a layered architecture and strong security model, it underpins Apple’s smartphone ecosystem, developer tools, and the App Store. Major platform milestones include the launch of the App Store in 2008, the introduction of Siri in 2011, the spin‑off of iPadOS in 2019, and broad feature expansions such as Apple Intelligence and RCS messaging support in iOS 18.

    Siri

    Siri

    Siri is Apple’s voice-based virtual assistant, introduced in October 2011 with the iPhone 4S after Apple acquired the startup Siri, Inc. in April 2010. Built into Apple’s operating systems and devices, Siri uses speech recognition, natural language understanding, and Apple’s privacy-focused architecture to answer questions and take actions. Since 2024, Apple has been rolling out an upgraded Siri experience as part of Apple Intelligence, with an optional ChatGPT integration and expanded on‑device processing.