Physical Geography
Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, encompassing the geographic South Pole and nearly entirely south of the Antarctic Circle. It is the fifth-largest continent, covering approximately 14 million square kilometers, with about 98% of its surface covered by the Antarctic ice sheet. Governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, the continent is dedicated to scientific research and environmental preservation, with no permanent human population.
Oceanography
Oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean, encompassing its physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects. This multidisciplinary field examines ocean currents, marine ecosystems, seafloor geology, and the chemical composition of seawater, integrating knowledge from various scientific disciplines to understand the ocean's role in Earth's systems.