
An actuary is a professional who applies mathematical, statistical, and financial theories to assess and manage risks in various industries, notably insurance and finance. Their expertise is crucial in designing policies and strategies that ensure financial stability and compliance with regulatory standards.

Cybersecurity is the discipline concerned with protecting information systems, networks, software, and data from unauthorized access, disruption, and damage. It integrates technical controls, governance, risk management, and incident response across organizations and critical infrastructure. Contemporary practice draws on standards such as NIST’s Cybersecurity Framework and ISO/IEC 27001, regulatory regimes like GDPR and U.S. SEC disclosure rules, and threat intelligence from industry and public agencies.