
The adaptive immune response is the antigen-specific arm of vertebrate immunity mediated by B and T lymphocytes. It is characterized by exquisite specificity, clonal expansion, immunological memory, and regulation that together provide durable protection following infection or vaccination.

The Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI) is Germany’s federal institute for vaccines and biomedicines, a higher federal authority under the Federal Ministry of Health. Headquartered in Langen, Hesse, it regulates specified human and veterinary biologicals, conducts official batch release, oversees pharmacovigilance, supports clinical trials, and engages in research and international standardization.

The Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI) is Germany’s Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, a senior federal authority under the Federal Ministry of Health. Founded in 1896, it authorizes and monitors vaccines and other biomedicines, conducts official batch release, oversees clinical trials, and performs research. Headquartered in Langen, Hesse, the institute has roughly 900 staff; since January 1, 2025, its president has been Stefan Vieths.