Visual Arts
Calligraphy
Calligraphy is the art of beautiful writing achieved through controlled, expressive strokes using tools such as pens or brushes with ink. Across cultures—including East Asia, the Islamic world, and the Latin West—it has developed distinct scripts, materials, and aesthetic philosophies, and continues to influence book arts, typography, and design.
Pop Art
Pop Art is an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by its incorporation of imagery from popular and commercial culture, such as advertising, comic books, and mundane mass-produced objects. It challenged traditional fine art by emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of contemporary life.