Writing Systems
Calligraphy
Calligraphy is the art of beautiful writing achieved through controlled, expressive strokes using tools such as pens or brushes with ink. Across cultures—including East Asia, the Islamic world, and the Latin West—it has developed distinct scripts, materials, and aesthetic philosophies, and continues to influence book arts, typography, and design.
Hieroglyph
Hieroglyphs are characters in a pictorial writing system, notably used in ancient Egypt, where symbols represent objects, sounds, or concepts. This script was integral to Egyptian culture, appearing on monuments, tombs, and papyri.