Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational holding company formed in 2015 to house Google and a portfolio of separate businesses spanning internet services, cloud computing, and experimental ventures, with headquarters in Mountain View, California and shares traded on Nasdaq as GOOGL (Class A) and GOOG (Class C). According to the company’s 2024 Form 10‑K, Alphabet reported $350.0 billion in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and had 183,323 employees. SEC.gov
History and corporate structure
- –On August 10, 2015, Google’s founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin announced a restructuring that created Alphabet as a new holding company; Google became a subsidiary while other projects were moved alongside it.
Google Founders’ Letter (2015);
CNNMoney archive of Page’s “G is for Google” letter
- –Alphabet became the SEC “successor issuer” to Google in an October 2, 2015 filing completing the reorganization steps.
SEC Form 8‑K12B
- –In 2017 Alphabet formed XXVI Holdings Inc. as an intermediate holding company to finalize legal separation among units following the 2015 restructuring.
TechCrunch
- –In December 2019, Page and Brin stepped down from Alphabet’s executive roles and named Sundar Pichai CEO of both Alphabet and Google; the role of Alphabet president was eliminated.
CNBC
- –Alphabet initiated its first cash dividend in 2024 at $0.20 per share and authorized a $70 billion buyback, later raising the quarterly dividend to $0.21 in April 2025.
Nasdaq.com
Business segments and operations
- –Alphabet reports three operating segments: Google Services, Google Cloud, and Other Bets. In 2024, Google Services revenue was $304.93 billion (including Google Search & other, YouTube ads, Google Network, and subscriptions/platforms/devices), Google Cloud revenue was $43.23 billion, and Other Bets revenue was $1.65 billion.
- –Google Services includes Search, Ads, YouTube, Android, Chrome, Maps, Google Play, hardware (Pixel and Nest), and other consumer products. Alphabet breaks out “Google Search & other,” “YouTube ads,” and “Google Network” within advertising.
- –Google Cloud comprises Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Google Workspace, generating consumption‑based and subscription revenues.
- –Other Bets is a collection of earlier‑stage businesses, including Waymo, Verily, Calico, Wing, X (moonshot lab), GV, CapitalG, and GFiber.
Artificial intelligence and research organization
- –In April 2023, Google merged its Brain team with DeepMind to form Google DeepMind, led by Demis Hassabis, to accelerate frontier AI research and productization.
Google Blog;
DeepMind
- –In April 2024, Alphabet consolidated model‑building, Responsible AI, and related teams under Google DeepMind to streamline AI development across the company.
Reuters
Capital structure and governance
- –Alphabet is incorporated in Delaware and headquartered at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California. It maintains a dual‑class structure: Class A shares carry one vote, Class B ten votes, and Class C are non‑voting; Class B is convertible to Class A.
- –Alphabet’s publicly traded tickers are GOOGL (Class A) and GOOG (Class C) on Nasdaq.
Selected acquisitions and investments
- –Google acquired YouTube in 2006 for $1.65 billion in stock, making it a core Alphabet property inside Google Services.
- –Google completed its acquisition of Fitbit in January 2021; the European Commission cleared the deal in December 2020 subject to data and interoperability commitments.
- –Google acquired cybersecurity firm Mandiant in September 2022 for approximately $5.4 billion; Mandiant joined Google Cloud.
PR Newswire;
Google Cloud Blog
Legal and regulatory matters
- –The European Commission issued three major competition decisions against Google/Alphabet: a €2.42 billion fine in 2017 (Shopping), a €4.34 billion fine in 2018 (Android, later upheld with reduction to €4.125 billion in 2022), and a €1.49 billion fine in 2019 (AdSense).
EC (German press page on 2017 Shopping);
DW on 2019 AdSense fine
- –In the United States, the District Court for the District of Columbia ruled in August 2024 that Google violated Section 2 of the Sherman Act in general search and search advertising; in September 2025, the court imposed remedies restricting exclusive distribution deals and requiring certain data access.
U.S. Department of Justice press release
- –Separately, in April 2025, the Eastern District of Virginia found Google unlawfully monopolized open‑web ad tech markets, a second antitrust loss for the company.
Leadership
- –Sundar Pichai serves as CEO of Alphabet and Google. Ruth Porat transitioned in 2023 to President and Chief Investment Officer, and Anat Ashkenazi became Alphabet’s CFO effective July 31, 2024.