History
IBM traces its origins to the late 19th century with the invention of the tabulating machine by Herman Hollerith in 1896, which revolutionized data processing for the 1890 U.S. Census. In 1911, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) was formed through the merger of four companies: the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company of America, and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. In 1924, CTR was renamed International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). (ibm.com)
Products and Services
Hardware
IBM has been a pioneer in computer hardware, introducing the System/360 mainframe in 1964, which became a standard in business computing. In 1981, IBM launched the IBM Personal Computer (PC), setting a benchmark for personal computing. (ibm.com)
Software
IBM offers a wide range of software solutions, including operating systems, middleware, and enterprise applications. Notably, IBM Watson is an artificial intelligence system capable of answering questions posed in natural language. Developed as part of IBM's DeepQA project, Watson gained fame by winning the quiz show Jeopardy! in 2011. (en.wikipedia.org)
Cloud Computing
IBM Cloud provides a comprehensive suite of cloud computing services, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS). As of 2021, IBM Cloud offers over 170 services, encompassing compute, storage, networking, database, analytics, machine learning, and developer tools. (en.wikipedia.org)
Artificial Intelligence
IBM has been at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) research and development. In 2023, IBM introduced the Granite series of AI foundation models, designed to be hardware-efficient and tailored for business applications. These models are integrated into IBM's cloud-based data and generative AI platform, Watsonx. (en.wikipedia.org)
Quantum Computing
IBM has made significant strides in quantum computing, providing access to quantum hardware via IBM Cloud since 2016. The company has developed processors surpassing the 1,000-qubit barrier and is transitioning from the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing era towards fault-tolerant quantum computing capabilities. (arxiv.org)
Financial Performance
As of August 13, 2025, IBM's stock price is $239.26 USD, reflecting a change of $4.49 (0.01913%) from the previous close. The intraday high is $240.83 USD, and the intraday low is $235.41 USD. The latest open price was $236.50 USD, with an intraday volume of 3,303,206 shares. (forbes.com)
Corporate Culture
IBM's corporate culture emphasizes innovation and professional development. The company has a history of leadership programs, including the Extreme Blue internship program and the IBM Fellow award, offered since 1963 based on technical achievement. (en.wikipedia.org)
Recent Developments
In May 2025, IBM CEO Arvind Krishna announced new initiatives to expand the company's presence in the competitive artificial intelligence sector. IBM aims to support clients by integrating third-party AI agents from platforms like Salesforce, Workday, and Adobe, while also enabling users to develop their own agents using IBM's Granite AI models. Additionally, IBM revealed plans to invest $150 billion in the U.S. over the next five years, supporting manufacturing of mainframes, quantum computers, and AI technologies. (reuters.com)
Environmental Commitment
In 2021, IBM announced its goal to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, demonstrating its commitment to environmental sustainability. (en.wikipedia.org)